---
title: Alerts
description: Provide contextual feedback messages for typical user actions with the handful of available and flexible alert messages.
toc: true
---

import { getData } from '@libs/data'

## Examples

Alerts are available for any length of text, as well as an optional close button. For proper styling, use one of the eight **required** contextual classes (e.g., `.alert-success`). For inline dismissal, use the [alerts JavaScript plugin](#dismissing).

<Callout>
**Heads up!** As of v5.3.0, the `alert-variant()` Sass mixin is deprecated. Alert variants now have their CSS variables overridden in [a Sass loop](#sass-loops).
</Callout>

<Example code={getData('theme-colors').map((themeColor) => `<div class="alert alert-${themeColor.name}" role="alert">
    A simple ${themeColor.name} alert—check it out!
  </div>`)} />

<Callout name="warning-color-assistive-technologies" />

### Live example

Click the button below to show an alert (hidden with inline styles to start), then dismiss (and destroy) it with the built-in close button.

<Example addStackblitzJs code={`<div id="liveAlertPlaceholder"></div>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveAlertBtn">Show live alert</button>`} />

We use the following JavaScript to trigger our live alert demo:

<JsDocs name="live-alert" file="site/src/assets/partials/snippets.js" />

### Link color

Use the `.alert-link` utility class to quickly provide matching colored links within any alert.

<Example code={getData('theme-colors').map((themeColor) => `<div class="alert alert-${themeColor.name}" role="alert">
    A simple ${themeColor.name} alert with <a href="#" class="alert-link">an example link</a>. Give it a click if you like.
  </div>`)} />

### Additional content

Alerts can also contain additional HTML elements like headings, paragraphs and dividers.

<Example code={`<div class="alert alert-success" role="alert">
    <h4 class="alert-heading">Well done!</h4>
    <p>Aww yeah, you successfully read this important alert message. This example text is going to run a bit longer so that you can see how spacing within an alert works with this kind of content.</p>
    <hr>
    <p class="mb-0">Whenever you need to, be sure to use margin utilities to keep things nice and tidy.</p>
  </div>`} />

### Icons

Similarly, you can use [flexbox utilities]([[docsref:/utilities/flex]]) and [Bootstrap Icons]([[config:icons]]) to create alerts with icons. Depending on your icons and content, you may want to add more utilities or custom styles.

<Example code={`<div class="alert alert-primary d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
    <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" viewBox="0 0 16 16" role="img" aria-label="Warning:">
      <path d="M8.982 1.566a1.13 1.13 0 0 0-1.96 0L.165 13.233c-.457.778.091 1.767.98 1.767h13.713c.889 0 1.438-.99.98-1.767L8.982 1.566zM8 5c.535 0 .954.462.9.995l-.35 3.507a.552.552 0 0 1-1.1 0L7.1 5.995A.905.905 0 0 1 8 5zm.002 6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/>
    </svg>
    <div>
      An example alert with an icon
    </div>
  </div>`} />

Need more than one icon for your alerts? Consider using more Bootstrap Icons and making a local SVG sprite like so to easily reference the same icons repeatedly.

<Example code={`<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="d-none">
    <symbol id="check-circle-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
      <path d="M16 8A8 8 0 1 1 0 8a8 8 0 0 1 16 0zm-3.97-3.03a.75.75 0 0 0-1.08.022L7.477 9.417 5.384 7.323a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.06L6.97 11.03a.75.75 0 0 0 1.079-.02l3.992-4.99a.75.75 0 0 0-.01-1.05z"/>
    </symbol>
    <symbol id="info-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
      <path d="M8 16A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16zm.93-9.412-1 4.705c-.07.34.029.533.304.533.194 0 .487-.07.686-.246l-.088.416c-.287.346-.92.598-1.465.598-.703 0-1.002-.422-.808-1.319l.738-3.468c.064-.293.006-.399-.287-.47l-.451-.081.082-.381 2.29-.287zM8 5.5a1 1 0 1 1 0-2 1 1 0 0 1 0 2z"/>
    </symbol>
    <symbol id="exclamation-triangle-fill" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
      <path d="M8.982 1.566a1.13 1.13 0 0 0-1.96 0L.165 13.233c-.457.778.091 1.767.98 1.767h13.713c.889 0 1.438-.99.98-1.767L8.982 1.566zM8 5c.535 0 .954.462.9.995l-.35 3.507a.552.552 0 0 1-1.1 0L7.1 5.995A.905.905 0 0 1 8 5zm.002 6a1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 1 0 0 1 0-2z"/>
    </symbol>
  </svg>

  <div class="alert alert-primary d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
    <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Info:"><use xlink:href="#info-fill"/></svg>
    <div>
      An example alert with an icon
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="alert alert-success d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
    <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Success:"><use xlink:href="#check-circle-fill"/></svg>
    <div>
      An example success alert with an icon
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="alert alert-warning d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
    <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Warning:"><use xlink:href="#exclamation-triangle-fill"/></svg>
    <div>
      An example warning alert with an icon
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="alert alert-danger d-flex align-items-center" role="alert">
    <svg class="bi flex-shrink-0 me-2" role="img" aria-label="Danger:"><use xlink:href="#exclamation-triangle-fill"/></svg>
    <div>
      An example danger alert with an icon
    </div>
  </div>`} />

### Dismissing

Using the alert JavaScript plugin, it’s possible to dismiss any alert inline. Here’s how:

- Be sure you’ve loaded the alert plugin, or the compiled Bootstrap JavaScript.
- Add a [close button]([[docsref:/components/close-button]]) and the `.alert-dismissible` class, which adds extra padding to the right of the alert and positions the close button.
- On the close button, add the `data-bs-dismiss="alert"` attribute, which triggers the JavaScript functionality. Be sure to use the `<button>` element with it for proper behavior across all devices.
- To animate alerts when dismissing them, be sure to add the `.fade` and `.show` classes.

You can see this in action with a live demo:

<Example code={`<div class="alert alert-warning alert-dismissible fade show" role="alert">
    <strong>Holy guacamole!</strong> You should check in on some of those fields below.
    <button type="button" class="btn-close" data-bs-dismiss="alert" aria-label="Close"></button>
  </div>`} />

<Callout type="warning">
When an alert is dismissed, the element is completely removed from the page structure. If a keyboard user dismisses the alert using the close button, their focus will suddenly be lost and, depending on the browser, reset to the start of the page/document. For this reason, we recommend including additional JavaScript that listens for the `closed.bs.alert` event and programmatically sets `focus()` to the most appropriate location in the page. If you’re planning to move focus to a non-interactive element that normally does not receive focus, make sure to add `tabindex="-1"` to the element.
</Callout>

## CSS

### Variables

<AddedIn version="5.2.0" />

As part of Bootstrap’s evolving CSS variables approach, alerts now use local CSS variables on `.alert` for enhanced real-time customization. Values for the CSS variables are set via Sass, so Sass customization is still supported, too.

<ScssDocs name="alert-css-vars" file="scss/_alert.scss" />

### Sass variables

<ScssDocs name="alert-variables" file="scss/_variables.scss" />

### Sass mixins

<DeprecatedIn version="5.3.0" />

<ScssDocs name="alert-variant-mixin" file="scss/mixins/_alert.scss" removeIndentation={false} />

### Sass loops

Loop that generates the modifier classes with an overriding of CSS variables.

<ScssDocs name="alert-modifiers" file="scss/_alert.scss" removeIndentation={false} />

## JavaScript behavior

### Initialize

Initialize elements as alerts

```js
const alertList = document.querySelectorAll('.alert')
const alerts = [...alertList].map(element => new bootstrap.Alert(element))
```

<Callout>
For the sole purpose of dismissing an alert, it isn’t necessary to initialize the component manually via the JS API. By making use of `data-bs-dismiss="alert"`, the component will be initialized automatically and properly dismissed.

See the [triggers](#triggers) section for more details.
</Callout>

### Triggers

<JsDismiss name="alert" />

**Note that closing an alert will remove it from the DOM.**

### Methods

You can create an alert instance with the alert constructor, for example:

```js
const bsAlert = new bootstrap.Alert('#myAlert')
```

This makes an alert listen for click events on descendant elements which have the `data-bs-dismiss="alert"` attribute. (Not necessary when using the data-api’s auto-initialization.)

<BsTable>
| Method | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `close` | Closes an alert by removing it from the DOM. If the `.fade` and `.show` classes are present on the element, the alert will fade out before it is removed. |
| `dispose` | Destroys an element’s alert. (Removes stored data on the DOM element) |
| `getInstance` | Static method which allows you to get the alert instance associated to a DOM element. For example: `bootstrap.Alert.getInstance(alert)`. |
| `getOrCreateInstance` | Static method which returns an alert instance associated to a DOM element or create a new one in case it wasn’t initialized. You can use it like this: `bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance(element)`. |
</BsTable>

Basic usage:

```js
const alert = bootstrap.Alert.getOrCreateInstance('#myAlert')
alert.close()
```

### Events

Bootstrap’s alert plugin exposes a few events for hooking into alert functionality.

<BsTable>
| Event | Description |
| --- | --- |
| `close.bs.alert` | Fires immediately when the `close` instance method is called. |
| `closed.bs.alert` | Fired when the alert has been closed and CSS transitions have completed. |
</BsTable>

```js
const myAlert = document.getElementById('myAlert')
myAlert.addEventListener('closed.bs.alert', event => {
  // do something, for instance, explicitly move focus to the most appropriate element,
  // so it doesn’t get lost/reset to the start of the page
  // document.getElementById('...').focus()
})
```
